The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the processes which create inequity between groups in a given country. As a result, they feel resentment and act out in violence, and some of the biggest conflict hotbeds in the world are because of stateless nations. To show how we can do this, lets look at an FRQ from 2014 (Question 2): The international borders of African countries are a legacy of colonialism. Kurds got the short end of the straw when borders in western Asia were drawn and redrawn. Stateless Nation: A nation that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. Japan, Iceland, Denmark). Just wait. Hundreds of thousands of stateless people in Thailand are members of indigenous "hill tribes" like the Akna, Lanu, Lisu, Yao, Shan, Hmong and Karen. The United Nations called the Rohingya "the most persecuted minority in the world.". The term State of Palestine is only used officially by Sweden. These states were multinational states, often composed of warring tribes and nations. Over 90% of the 3,000 or so ethnic nations in the world are technically stateless under this definition. 3 - Kurdistan ("Kurdish-inhabited area") in the 1990s. Some 20 million Kurds live in Turkey. The Kurds are an example of a nation.Thus the correct option is B.. What are Kurds? Check out our other articles on APHuman Geography. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Everything you need for your studies in one place. Stateless nations were not protected in all countries and become victims of atrocities such as discrimination, ethnic cleansing, genocide, forced assimilation, Exploitation of labour and natural resources. Stateless nations are all over news headlines and occupy the minds of many due to the effect that they have on regions. Well give you challenging practice questions to help you achieve mastery in AP Human Geography. The Kurds are a famous example of a stateless nation; their territory is called "Kurdistan.". The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Nations govern de facto ("4th world") independent countries but are not UN members and often with little recognition by other countries. Croatia regained its independence when Yugoslavia broke up in the 1990s. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Christian Sects in the Middle East, Part 14. Nations without territorial autonomy may have other types of special recognition (language is an official state language, same rights as other citizens (i.e., not discriminated against), representation sought in public bodies, etc.). I believe that statelessness was codified in the UN charter of 1954, then expanded in 1961. As a verb it emphasizes the historical nature of inequity and a phenomenon that is continually reinforced in a country. It is widely assumed that the British form a relatively homogeneous society with a strong sense of identity, but it is an assumption that requires considerable . [ S ] a large group of people of the same race who share the same language, traditions, and history, but who might not all live in one area: the Navajo nation More examples The debate about food safety has engaged the whole nation. Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in the 21st Century. Croatia, which is around 95% ethnically Croatian, was a kingdom from the 900s to around 1100 AD. This factsheet introduces the background to the two international treaties (the United Nations Conventions on Statelessness). Keep reading to learn more about the terminology of a stateless nation, the significance, and more. States made bold under the "homeland" column are countries of the respective ethnic groups which are native to them and still host the majority (more than half) of their population. Likewise, the word umma, which means community and is used by Muslims to refer to their global community, is also sometimes translated as nation. In the case of Brazil, many nations, particularly in the Amazon, only learned that such a thing as a "country" existed upon contact with Brazilian outsiders, sometimes in recent decades. Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing. Without citizenship, stateless people have no legal protection and no right to vote, and they often lack access to education, employment, health care, registration of birth, marriage or death, and property rights. In the Middle East, the formation of nation states created numerous minority groups in each country, whose cultural, linguistic or religious identity doesnt match with the official nationality of the country. Stateless nation: A nation of people without a state that it considers home(e.g., Kurds, Basques, Palestinians, the Hmong). In essence, nationalism is belonging. Is the Two State Solution Dead? Economic distress As elsewhere, in the refugee settlements in South Asia, the risks of contracting COVID-19 have much to do with employment and economic status, and Is Slovakia a stateless nation? SYRIA: In 1962, many Kurds in the . Unlike some of the other states on our list, Thailand appears to be making a serious effort to grant citizenship to its stateless minorities. Untold numbers of Roma remain stateless in the Balkans and mainland Europe. The Tibetan nation is spread across several countries today; its cultural core area was occupied and annexed by China in the 1950s. 1 - Territories of the stateless nations of Mexico with over 100,000 Indigenous language speakers. Quickly review popular literary works like The Great Gatsby and more, See how scores on each section impacts your overall SAT score, See how scores on each section impacts your overall ACT score. One example of a stateless nation is the Kurds, who are an ethnic group native to the Middle East and are spread across parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. The Tamil Genocide by Sri Lanka: The Global Failure to Protect Tamil Rights Under International Law, Francis Boyle, chapter self determination. The few "stateless" ethnic groups that exceed that figure - African Americans in the United States, for example, or the Tamils in India - make no widespread demands for independence. A total of 5.5 million Palestinians are registered with the UNRWA and since Palestine is still not its own country, those 5.5 million are widely considered to be stateless. The rest are multinational states: their territorial boundaries contain the territories of more than one ethnic nation. The Post-Colonial Era in the Middle East: Iran and Turkey, Part 10. Keys to Understanding the Middle East by Stephen C Cory, Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Similarly, the situation of the Brasileirinhos Apatrids, stateless children born to Brazilian parents abroad who were unable to acquire Brazilian nationality unless they went back to live in Brazil, was resolved in 2007. Nation-state: A state in which the cultural borders of a nation correspond with the state borders of a country (e.g. Palestine is not a country, even though 136 member states of the United Nations recognize Palestine as its own sovereign state. Their residents found themselves declared to be permanent residents - but not citizens - of Israel. In this article, we will discuss what a stateless nation is, look at examples of stateless nations, But it's still not their own country. We will finish by showing how this fits into the AP Human Geography multiple choice and free response question (FRQ) by showing an example, followed by a summary of this entire page. Gamal Abdul Nasser and Non-Alignment, Part 11. They are thus called stateless nations. Indigenous groups in Latin America often fall into these categories; they may be protected in theory in state constitutions but suffer substantial discrimination in day-to-day life. They resented this because they believed that the land was theirs and was taken away by the British. These millions of stigmatized individuals worldwide are known as "stateless," defined by international law as "a person who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation of its law." There were always concepts of cultural community, somewhat synonymous with nation, or people, but national identities were not defined by a particular state. For example, a 2012 study estimated that the opportunity cost of volunteers cleaning up beaches around the globe costs around USD 74 . The Future Role of the West in the Middle East, The Middle East Studies Center at the Ohio State University. Diverse Religious Identities of the Middle East, Prayer, A Part of Daily Life for Muslims Around the World, The Mystical Tradition of Sufism, or Tasawwuf, The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism, The U.S. and Post-Bandung Imperial Dominance, The Middle East Studies Center at the Ohio State University, Chapter Three: The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism. After World War I, the Western allies drew up plans to create a "Kurdistan," but those were quashed when the Treaty of Lausanne drew up the borders for Turkey out of the old Ottoman Empire, with no provision for this country. Which currently stateless nation was once independent? Empires, nation-states, city-states, and kingdoms are just a few examples of political entities. The total population of the Province of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80% are French speakers. Nation-states describe a state comprised of a population with over 90 percent of a particular culture. Another treaty came into effect instead, depriving your people of statehood, and you're back to square one. The U.S. and Post-Bandung Imperial Dominance, Part 9. Palestine, which includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, has Observer status at the United Nations but is not a member of the UN General Assembly. An example of a stateless nation is the Kurds. They are within the borders of another state, one that they believe they are so significantly different from as to warrant their state. As you can see, despite the fact that the concept of stateless nations is relatively not as important as compared to other concepts in geographic studies, it is a major key to understanding why the world is the way it is right now. In terms of rights entitlements, the rights envisaged for stateless persons are nearly identical to those provided to refugees, but lower than had been proposed by the ILC. Many nations were not always subject to the laws of a state. Stateless nations are usually not represented in international sports or in international organisations such as the United Nations. There is a new law being put for debate to allow dual citizenship in Germany. "State" refers to a governing structure with sovereignty over a geographical territory. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. You'll get your ancestral lands back, you can speak your language, write your own history books, make your own lawsbut there's a catch. You were forced from the land of your ancestors and have to move to a city; or maybe you were put in a "re-education" camp, had to flee the country altogether, or something even more terrible. For the sake of this discussion, however, it is important to know that various cultural communities, whether they called themselves qawm or umum (plural for umma), came to considerthemselves nations. Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. Some stateless people are refugees, because they have fled their homeland to find refuge in another country, but not all refugees are stateless. Best study tips and tricks for your exams. Thus there exists in all the stateless nations feelings of identity that can be qualified as contradictory. For most people, nationality is determined by place of birth, parentage or a long-term residence in a country. Refugees, hidden, and dispossession of homeland. Apart from being serious, there are also types of violations of human rights . Probably not, nation states themselves were still a pretty new concept 200 years ago. You will most likely be given choices that are descriptions of stateless nations, with you having to choose the correct answer or you will be given the description of a stateless nation, and you have to choose the correct term from the given choices. They are thus called stateless nations. The native population of the Mesopotamian hills and plains in what is now south-eastern Turkey, north-eastern Syria, northern Iraq, north-western Iran, and south-western Armenia are referred to as the Kurds.. Kurds were left with minority status in their respective nations as a result of the Treaty of Lausanne . [2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). Stateless nations either are dispersed across a number of states (for example, the Yakthung Limbu People residing in east of Nepal, includes (Sikkim and Darjeeling) India and north-western part of Bangladesh as the Yakthung Limbuwan nation[9] and Yoruba people are found in the African states of Nigeria, Benin and Togo) or form the native population of a province within a larger state (such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People's Republic of China). The Kurdish population has been estimated at between 20 and 40 million people who are united by language and customs, rather than religion (most are Muslim, though.) "Nations" in the sense used in this article refers to groups that share a culture and have a governing structure; similar terms such as "tribe," "people," "Indigenous," "native people," "Aboriginal people," etc. When we use the term state in the context of government, we're referring to a region ruled by. Hmong, Karen and Other Ethnic Minorities in Thailand, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, third of all stateless people are children, Hmong, Karen and Other Ethnic Minorities in Thailand, the most persecuted minority in the world, United Nations decided to divide the country of Palestine, 5.5 million are widely considered to be stateless, struggle to find work, health care and housing, opened a path to citizenship for 80,000 stateless people. Political Islam in the Modern World, Part 15. Minor Human Rights Violations. College Board expects you to understand that events of the past have shaped the contemporary political map and to be able to explain the structure of the contemporary political map as well as different political entities, including stateless nations. It is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture that favor the perspectives and interests of the more powerful group. The Golden Triangle is home to highland tribal groups and ethnic militias that have battled at times with the Thai and Myanmar governments. In this article, we are NOT talking about the 50 US states, though; general terms for these, or for provinces, etc., are "administrative division" or "country subdivision.". The Impact of Imperialism on the Region, Part 6. This one is a bit tricky. It was later adopted and popularized by Scottish scholars such as David McCrone, Michael Keating and T. M. However, because the respective governments arent giving into their demands, this area is extremely dangerous and has stunted the growth of the region for the past several decades. Have their own Parliaments in Norway, Sweden & Finland but Sami groups seek more territorial autonomy. Civic nationalism is. Seek self-determination from occupying powers. These group names can vary over time and may depend on preferences. It also cited food Unfortunately, because these nations have very little to no official recognition, their respective regions are often conducive to conflict and heavy violence. Others include Palestinians, Basques, and Roma. It is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture which favor the perspectives and interests of the more powerful group. For a more detailed explanation, see: Sensoy & Diangelo (2012). Its people often live in varying degrees of attachment to their original nation. A nationless state or a stateless nation. 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